Towards marker assisted selection in livestock Michel Georges
نویسنده
چکیده
In recent years, genomic tools have become available for most livestock species and are now being used routinely to map quantitative trait loci underlying the genetic variance for numerous economically important traits. Fine-mapping methods are being devised to refine the initially coarse map positions of the quantitative trait loci to the point required for marker assisted selection and, eventually, the positional cloning of the underlying genes. Mapping information on QTL is beginning to be used to increase genetic response by enhancing genetic variance, selection accuracy, selection intensity and by reducing the generation interval. Optimal use of MAS will require the development of more robust methods for the routine genotyping of preimplantation embryos for multiple markers. © Inra/Elsevier, Paris marker assisted selection / QTL mapping / livestock production Résumé ― Vers une sélection assistée par marqueurs en production animale. Ces dernières années, les cartes génétiques ont été développées chez la plupart des espèces domestiques. Ces outils sont maintenant couramment utilisés pour localiser les loci impliqués dans la variabilité de nombreux caractères quantitatifs (QTL) économiquement intéressants. Des méthodes de cartographie plus précises ont ensuite été développées afin d’affiner les localisations initiales et ainsi de pouvoir, soit utiliser ces informations pour des stratégies de sélection assistée par les marqueurs génétiques (MAS), soit éventuellement de cloner les gènes responsables de ces caractères quantitatifs. Les informations cartographiques des régions renfermant ces QTL sont déjà utilisées pour accroître les potentiels génétiques en augmentant la variabilité génétique, la précision et l’intensité de sélection, et en réduisant les temps de génération. L’utilisation optimale de la sélection assistée par marqueurs, nécessite de développer des méthodes fiables permettant de déterminer en routine le génotype d’embryons pré-implantatoire pour de nombreux marqueurs génétiques. © Inra/Elsevier, Paris sélection assistée par marqueurs / cartographie de QTL / production animale E-mail: [email protected]
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تاریخ انتشار 2007